Pressure-operated apparatus.



G. c. PHARo.

PRESSURE OPERATED APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1311915.

Patented Apr. 17, 1917,

2 SHEETS*SHEET I.

4 flair/'riff zivil/ Illia Il lul .lil/,551154157 -JNVENTOR ATToRNEYs.

WITNESS G. C. PHAHO.

'PRESSURE OPEHATED APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED, JULY I3, |911.

Patented Apr. 17,1917.

INVENTOR. (5. CfFH/q 0 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESS 'f ATTORNEYS.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEiCE.

connor: c. Pme, or Marsman, cmromru, ssl snor. 'ro ruime a CHAPMAN, a cornTNEnsm courosEn or' sonnen c. raam Nn nrcrunn n. CHAPMAN,

:BOTH OIF-SAN FRANCISOQ, CALIIE'OIIIINIA.l

Pausania.lsz-omma'rnn Arram aus.

ful Pressure-0perated Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to pressure operated apparatus in 'which pressure is produced in a chamber by the rotation of an impeller or other device acting'on a liquid. A rotating impeller is em'loyed forforcing fluid o utward kinto a c amber the pressure of the 'fluid in the chamber varying with the speed of the impeller One of the walls of the impeller forms one ofthe walls of the chamber and the pressure produced therein causes a relative axial movement' ofA the impeller and the casin which forms lthe other walls of thecham r.. f

An object ofthe invention is toprovde a pressure operated apparatus' of the class described, which is simple in construction and eflicient and sensitive in operation.

Another object of the invention is to pro? vide a pressure operated apparatus in which unbalanced ressures are produced onoppo- Y f site sides o an impeller. .r f Another object o which diaphragms `which are operated on and moved by the liquid under pressure are eliminated. y j

, The invention other advantageous features, some ofwluch, with the-force' g0ing,wi11 be sa' fisuras len 11th@ fallow-ing. description',wliere I outline in' full that form of the invention which havev n. invention-,but it is'to. be understood that I do not limit myself ,to'fsuch forms, because myinvention 'may beeinbodiedin a multiplicity of forms, each being a species of my said invention. It is also to be understood" the. descri tion o my invention, I desire'to cover e that b the claims Succeeding the invention is to pro-l vide an apparatusof the class'described,` '1n by vehicles or che 'invention in whatever form itmay be embodied.

Referring to said drawings: Figure 1 :s a. vertical section of one form of the appa] atus of my invention.

-Fig. 2 is a vertical section of a slightly modified fol In.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of another specfic form of the apparatus.

Patented Apr. 17,1917. 1 appumnonnieaiu1y1a1s1a sena1n.as, so5.,

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a two-stage press re ap; aratus, which is particularlydesign mechanisms.

Fig. 5 is z. verticalu section of a compound pressure apparatus which is to be operated from two s urces. V

The apparatus possesses a great variety of uses, several of which will be set forth here in. Since i1; includes an element, the osid to control the speeds of two associated tion of which varies' with thel speed o the impeller or Ipreure producing element, the apparatusm ay beemployed as a governor for steam engines, internal combustion engines, hydraulic apparatus and other devices. It -may be am loyed to control the throttle valve or va ve mechanism andin interto vary the timing of the connection vwith internal'combustion engine drivenftractors which Ausually operate over 'rougher "b1 cken ground. jThe d evice may also be employed as a. speed indicator and in this connection is/particularly useful on motor cars iince it is .not deleteriously affected by jolts lnor bythe electric currents which are` now extensively em loyedfor various purposeszon motor cars.-

tmay also -f be'employe as an apparatus4 for producmg pressure for doing .work such as riveting,` 9 5 i punching, el c..

In Aprloclevices, in al x"otal.' y.ilnV

peller hasteen'employed to'produce presnal combustion engines it may beemployed i 'tion s ark. The a" para *,usis not deleterlously e ected .jolis and.4 is, therefore, particularlly; adaptable f1 r governing the 'speed or s ar 3 of; internal combustion engines which rive f; d ofthe vehicle or the;` v'speeds of both e vehicle and the engine phragms,

ally relative to the and is of-slightly larger diameter than sure, the Huid operated on has been caused to exert its pressure against pistons and diawhich were connected to steam valves. The ordinary arrangement of a.' piston in a cylinder has not proved satisfacto on account of the leakage a'st the piston when pressures are employe and the results obtained from diaphragms have been Aunsatisfactory on account of the fact that the flexure of the diaphragm is proportional to the pressure only over a very short ra deflection. In the present invention I employed the casing surroundin peller as the movable element an have employed the impeller as a piston. The piston impeller in the apparatus of my inventhe chambers produced by the rotating piston impeller causes thecasing to move axiimpeller. ferred form of construction the piston impeller is stationary axially and the casing movable, 'although this order versed.

I shall first describe the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This a paratus comprises a tight housing 2, pre erably circular in form, in whichjs arran d a rotatable impeller 3 secured to thev s aft 4, which ox 5'. The impeller-.comprises side 6 and- 7 and a plurality of vanes 8, The side plate 6 is imperforate and the side plate provided with a central suction inlet 9 side late 6( On its peri he Lthe late-7 whicli) is on the suction siciie oi'ythe inilpeller, is provided with a liange ring surface. v urrounding 4the impeller and forming a close running joint with the outer surface of the flange 12'is a cylinder or casing -13 casi miz liquid to the liquid in the housing, due to the eifect of which is rovided with a cylindrical extenuided in the hub 15 form ing part o f the ousing. The cyli-nder'or casing 'V13 in which the but not necessarily splined to the hub so that rotate.

produce preisures on the casm op` osition to the pressures By preventin `the the tendency o -the The rotation of theimpeller, when th table, or due to the effect of the impeller and posed in close'kirelation' to' .the Casing gro-A ing shaft and ects from the housing through the stu ngA ing part of the'ap "aratu's plates whose the lTh 12 -or other enf.

- parent that 'the y.produce an. axial movement of e 'casing -is non-rotad when the rotatable, i s miniand I extending into *tI-he open bottom of the lcasing.

orms in conjunction with the peller a closed chamber into which fluid is orced by the impeller. The casing is northe nipple 18 in time with the ment of the casi The housing is lled with oil uid,'the viscosity of which partly determines .the sensitiveness of the apparatus. When the impeller is rotated the oil is drawn through the suction inlet of the-impeller and discharge into'the chamber formed by the casing and the ivall 7 of the piston impeller.

he oil'e'xerts a'piessur'on the wall of the casing which opposes the pressure of the spring or the Weight of the parts and producesl an axial movement of the casing, the amount of movement varying with the Speed of the impeller. The amount of movement for any given speed of the impeller may be That part ofythe casing lying on the impeller side of the Wall 7 of the impeller var ied by varying the compression ofthe 16 by screwing the nipple 18 into or the housing. The shaft 4 is the driv-v may connected to a rotatto be governed, to a rotating part o the .vehicle or apparatus power service'to be rendered b e apparatus. e rod 17 is connected direptly or by suit able mechanisms to the engine valve cater, etc., or it may 'be employed for exertin axial pressure. Normall ,when the impe ler is at rest,

the casing moves impe er rotates. `I impeller may be ar e normally adjacent. the lower casing and the impeller may be that its rotation will produce pressure in the closed chamber,-

upward as the inverted, so'

which will Vthe casing. Fig. 2 the erence in pressureV on the casing is augmented by'employing the suction or vacuum produced by the im with the pressure pr duce the axial 'In' the construction shown in uced thereby to pr`omovement of the rod 17.

In thisconstruction the casing is closed at its 'lower chamber is prevented by "or vanes formed in the ear" the throttle, the ignition timer, speed-indijv -itlies adjacent the up-A per wall of the casin and ller in conjunction Stpeed isv to be determined or. to any riven means, depending upon the a' decrease of casing.` The casing is filled with oil andas- I the impeller rotates oil is drawn from the lower chamber and forced into the upper chamber, the vacuum and'pressurejacting in combination to cause an axial movement of thecasing. This construction is more sensitive and more powerful than that lshown in he construction shown in f In' Fig, e the t impeller is movable axially due to varia` tions in the speed thereof. AIn this instance `the impeller is splined to the shaft 21 which is driven from the pulley* 22 through the gears 23-24. The impeller is provided on j its upper surface with an upstanding annu?,

. into two parts.4 n partition wall`26 of the housing 2, dividing lar wall which divides the upper surface The wall 25 engages the the housing into two chambers 27-28. The

` ,.20 housing is partly filled with oil and rotation of the impeller forces theoil into chamber 27 where it exerts a' pressurel on the opposite `sides of the impeller. The area of lthe lower face of the impellerin chamber 27 `25 is greater than the area ofthe upper face 30 an axial movement of the impeller.

lying in the same chamber, so that the pres-` sures on opposite sides `of the impeller are unbalanced, the Vgreater pressure exerting its force upwardly and'therebv producing 4axial movement of the impeller is transi ferred through-#the lever 29 to'the rodJ 31 which serves thesame function as the rod 17 in Fig. 1.

5 The sensitiveness of thelapparatus is confy trolled by'an adjusting screw 32 which controls a Qby-pass333 ,between the; chambers 27s-28; A'opening the bywpass making the action more sluggishand closing itmakingit more responsive. VWhen the .apparatus is e In Figs.,4 `and 5I havershown devices' L 15 `which4 are operated from two" different 'used as a governor, the screw 32 ymay be v,employed to adjust the position of the impeller with relation to the speed thereof.

sources of motion, this type of apparatus beingparticularly adapted for use as a yspeed governor, although it has `other uses. Inl

:the construction shown inl Fig/4, the casing li530 13 is provided with straight side walls as in Fig. 1, and in the casing I arrange aplurality of piston impellers 36-737 preferablv arrangedin snperposed relation. The walls f 7 on the suction sides ofthe impellers are ,l providedf'o'n their periphery with flanges n.12. which form running joints with the cas,- -vin`g wall. 1`he impeller 36 draws oil from within the housing 2` and delivers it under pressure into the chamber between the two lmpellers and the impeller 37 draws oll'from this chamber and forces it into the closed chamber at the` top of the casing. When `both impellers are rotating theyxopeiate as a. double stage pump,` producing a higher" The v,

ypressure in the clossdl chamber than either one individually cruld produce when rotating at the same speed. When impel-lerr 36 alone is rotated, it operates to. force oil through impeller 37 into theclosed chamber and when impeller 37 alone is rotated, it

-draws oil through iinpeller 36' and forces it i into the closed chart ber. Theimpeller y37 is secured to the shaft 38 which projects from" the housing yand imp eller 36 is secured to the hollow concentric shaft 39 which is rotated lig-tlg projecting shaft 41 through the gears In the construction shown in Fi 5, the 'Casin `forming two cylin ilrical portions of different diameter. `T he pistony impeller 37 is arranged in the upper ortio'n, is driven independently by ti esha t 38 and produces e v a pressure, when rotated, against the top wall of the casing. The piston impeller 36 is arranged inthe larger lower portion and4 is provided with a neck '45 whichfformsl a running jointwith the wall of tle upper portion,v forming two independent ressure chambers within the casing. Rota ion of on the shoulder 44. The impellers are arranged so that the suction side of each im-` ypell'er is independe .itly connected with y, the supply 'of oil in tlehousing. `This is ac.

complished by increasing ythe diameter of the hollow shaft 39` to allow the oilconduit tom casings .are employed, vanes-.51 which prevent rotation: ci the oilin the housing are employed for `she same purposeJ as in Fig. 1, and the 'casfngs may be'f'rotatable or not, as desired. Y AThe devices illustrated in Figs. 4fand 5 are particularly useful as governors tocon- 1 trol the speed of v1 hicles and engines driving the same. As 1in example, the shaft 38 mayb connected 1o a rotating part of the i engine, the shaft .1 to a .rotating part of e tlievehicle propel ing mechanism or. axle andthe shaft 17 to thev engine throttle. The V impeller 37 is designed so that its rotation A ywhen operating al1 ne moves the casing to prevent racing the engine when idling and the impeller 36 is c esigned so `that the conibined pressures Ip1 oduced by the two imypellers moves the casingr to control the speed of the engine whin the vehicle is being driven in high gear. That is, the impeller 37 may` operate alc netto prevent a speed in excess of 1500 R; M.: of the engine, and the two impllers yin combination may'operate to prevent a "ehicle speed inexcess ofy A 13 is provid ed with a sho der 44, u

`the impeller 36 prod uces an upwardpressure W 20 miles p er hour, at which speed the erigine, when connected in high gear will have a speed of 800 R. P. -Therefore, when starting o r/wheny operating on low gear, a high engine speedmay be obtained, but as the speed of the vehicle increases, the maximum possible speed 'of the engine is lowered.

`I claim:

1i. In combination, a rotatablev centrifugally acting impeller having 'a radially extended Side plate, a casing surrounding the impeller and'movable axially with relation thereto, and forminga substantially fluid tight joint with the said side body of liquid in said casing.v

` 2.'In combination, a rotatable centrifugally acting impeller having a side plate, a casing surrounding the impeller and movplate, said plate dividing the casing' into A two chambersand a body of liquid 'in the Vable .axially relative thereto and formin a substantially fluid tight joint with the side casing adapted to be centrifugally forced vwith respect to each other;

the yclosed Achamber 'and axially movable` with respect tothe casing for forcing liquid 40 1 tive movement.;

' impeller ybeing the impeller produces a ldierence m pres-A -into the impeller containing vchamber by ro-` tation of the impeller.

3. In combination', a casing'containing a "body of liquid and a rotatable centrifugauy acting impeller arranged vfithin the casing and forming on its suction side a substantially'fluid tight joint with tle casing, said casing and impeller being axially movable 4. In combination, a casing containing a body of liquid, a plate forming a` substantially luid tight joint with the' casing and dividing the casing'into two chambers, one

of which is closed, and means arranged in intosaid closed chamber.

5. In combination, a casing containing ya body of. liquid, a rotatable centrifuga ly acting impeller arranged in -said casing, a wall on the suction side of the im eller'formin a substantially uidtight vjouit withthe ca ing and dividing it into two chambers,

the chamber on the discharge side-lof the closed so that rotation of sure .in the two lchambers, said casing and impeller being movable axially with respect toeach other, and means opposing said rela-t -6.'Inv combination, an" axiallyl movable casing Acontaininga body of liquid, arctatable l`centrifgallv acting impeller, in said casing, havinga side, late forming a subs 'stantially fluid tight joint with the-casing and dividing J it intov two chambers, the chamber in which the impeller is disposed 3 being closed, and means connected to' said casing arrangedv to be movedby thev axial movement thereof. s i

7. Incombination, a'casing containing a plate, and a body of liquid and a rotatable centrifugally acting impeller arranged in and forming a substantially fluid tight joint with said casing and dividing the casing into'twochambers, the impeller and casing being relatively movable axially.

8. In combination, a casing containing a ,mg impeller arranged 'in said casing and forming on its suctlon side a substantially fluid tight joint with the casing whereby the v casing -is divided `into 1 two chambers, the impeller and casing being axially movable relatively,.and a spring opposing said axial movement.

9. LIncombinatioma housing containing.

a body of liquid, a casing arranged in said housing, a rotatable centrifugal impeller ar- Vbody of liquid, a rotatable centrifugally actranged in said Vcasing and formin a substantially fluid tight joint therewit whereby the. casing is dividedinto two chambers,

rotation'of the impeller serving to cause an axial movement o f the casing with respect tothe impeller, and means opposing said aXial movement. i

` 10. In combination, a housing containing [a body of liquidwa, casing having a closed end arranged in said housing, a rotatable centrifugal impeller forminga substantially Qluid tight joint with said casing and dividing the casing -into two chambers, rotationof the impeller serving to produce a diilerence infpressurein said chambers, said ca sing and lmpeller being axially movableI relaand a springopposing such 'axial movement. 11. In, combination, a )casing containing tively due 'to such difference in pressure a 'body of liquid, :a pluralityy of rotatable impellers in said casing dividing the casing into a plurality of chambers and means for independently rotating said impellers. .12.11; combination, a casin containing a lbody of liquid, a plurality o rotatable vimpellers in into a plurality if chambers, .said casing .beingmovable 'axiallywith respect to said impellers, means for independently rotating-said impellers, .and means opposing the axial movement of said'casing. a

13. In combination, a housing containing` Y a, bodyI of liquid, an axially movable casing. arranged. m rsaid housing, a plurality -of independently driven impellers in said casing, rotation of vthe impellersserving to vary the pressure Jwithin the casing and produce an axial posing said axial -movement'f v let,- In combination, a housing containing a body of liquid, a casing-arranged in"said joint therewith, whereby the casing is -into two chambers,said casing and impellerbeing axially movable respectively, means" said c'asing dividing the casingi housing, a rotatable impeller arranged in `piston forming a runnin casing, sald casing and sa1d lmpeller piston for rotating said impeller and means yfor preventing rotation of the liquid in the housing. 15. In combination, a housing containing a body of liquid, vanes in said housing to prevent rotation of said liquid, a casing in said housin and a rotatable impeller in said casing and orming a sliding oint therewith, said casing and impeller being axially movable relatively. y 1G. In an apparatus as described, a casing, a centrifugal impeller piston in said casing and a Wall on the suction side of the joint with said being axially relatively movable.

17. In combination, a cylindrical casing containing a body of liquid, a rotatable centrifugally acting impeller in said casing and having a Wall on its suction side forming a substantially V1 luid tight joint with the interior of said (asing and dividing it into two chambers, and means movable in response to the fluid pressure in said casing i due to the rotation of said impeller., 1

In testimony w hereof, I have hereunto set my hand at M irysville, California, this 6th day of July 2.915. l

J GORDON C. PHARO.

In presence of 'ADA L. HiDGER. 

